Originating in Princeton · 2020Vol. I · No. 1 · Summer 2026Ideas about intelligence.
Field · V

Mathematics & Theory

The formal structures that govern learning, generalisation and inference.

We bring together researchers in applied mathematics, statistics, information theory, optimisation, theoretical computer science and related formal sciences. They study the structures that govern how systems learn, represent information, generalise and fail. The focus is limits: what's possible in principle, what's provably impossible, and where current theory breaks down. A lot of the confusion in the field sits in the gaps between those.

Core Questions We Explore
  1. What mathematical principles govern learning, generalisation and inference?
  2. Where do formal guarantees end and where must empirical investigation begin?
  3. What roles do information theory, optimisation and dynamical systems play in modern learning?
  4. How do we reason rigorously about systems we can't fully inspect?
Upcoming Events

Conferences

Mathematics and theory are central to our peer-reviewed conference, the International Conference on the Mathematics of Neuroscience and AI. At the AE Global Summit, they come up whenever a claim about what a system can do runs into formal limits.

AE Global Summit →Annual Conference →
Recordings in this area
View the full archive →
Seminars & Community

ThAT Ambassador Programme

The Thinking About Thinking Ambassador Programme is open to applications from students and early-career researchers who want to work on intelligence across fields. Ambassadors help run our conferences, workshops and community projects, and bring their universities and countries into the network.

Ambassadors who contribute and lead over a longer period may be invited into the Thinking About Thinking Fellowship. The Fellowship is invitation-only and is for long-term contributors.

Learn More →Explore Fellowship →